Changing Climate and Resource Use Efficiency in Plants.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Bhattacharya, Amitav.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2018.
Subjects:
Online Access:View fulltext via EzAccess
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Changing Climate and Resource Use Efficiency in Plants
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • 1 Global Climate Change and Its Impact on Agriculture
  • 1.1 Climate Change
  • 1.1.1 Weather and Climate
  • 1.2 Crop Responses to Expected Climate Change Factors
  • 1.2.1 Light
  • 1.2.2 Temperature
  • 1.2.3 Precipitation
  • 1.2.4 Wind
  • 1.3 Interactive Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change
  • 1.3.1 Photosynthetic and Productivity Interactions
  • 1.4 Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Sinks
  • 1.5 Climate Change and Resource Use Efficiency
  • 1.6 Climate Change and Water-Use Efficiency
  • 1.7 Climate Change and Radiation-Use Efficiency
  • 1.8 Climate Change and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency
  • 1.9 Implications of Fertilizers Under Changing Climate
  • 1.10 Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture
  • 1.11 Direct Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture
  • 1.11.1 Changes in Mean Climate
  • 1.11.2 Climate Variability and Extreme Weather Events
  • 1.11.3 Extreme Temperatures
  • 1.11.4 Drought
  • 1.11.5 Heavy Rainfall and Flooding
  • 1.11.6 Tropical Storms
  • 1.12 Nonclimate Impacts Related to Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Impacts of Changes in Atmospheric Composition
  • 1.12.1 CO2 Fertilization
  • 1.12.2 Ozone
  • 1.13 Climate Change Impact on Water Availability
  • 1.14 Climate Change Impacts on Crop Water Productivity
  • 1.15 Agricultural Productivity and Food Security
  • 1.16 Future Impact of Climate Change
  • References
  • Further Reading
  • 2 Radiation-Use Efficiency Under Different Climatic Conditions
  • 2.1 Solar Radiation
  • 2.2 Effect of Interception of Radiation Leaf Area Index on Crop Growth and Production
  • 2.2.1 Leaf Area Index
  • 2.2.2 Effect of Intercepted Radiation and Leaf Area Index on Growth and Crop Production
  • 2.3 Low Soil Moisture and Radiation-Use Efficiency
  • 2.4 Radiation-Use Efficiency as Affected by Temperature.
  • 2.5 Light Interception Efficiency
  • 2.6 Radiation-Use Efficiency Under Different Abiotic Factors
  • 2.6.1 Nutrient Application
  • 2.6.2 Vapor Pressure Deficit
  • 2.6.3 Diffused Light
  • 2.6.4 Undersoil Salinity Condition
  • 2.6.5 Under Optimal Growth Conditions
  • 2.7 Canopy Structure, Row Orientation, and Radiation-Use Efficiency
  • 2.8 Radiation-Use Efficiency and Crop Growth
  • 2.9 Radiation-Use Efficiency and Crop Yield
  • 2.10 Temperature and Radiation-Use Efficiency
  • 2.11 Low Soil Moisture and Radiation-Use Efficiency
  • 2.12 Elevated CO2 Concentration and Radiation-Use Efficiency
  • 2.13 Genetic Variability in Radiation-Use Efficiency
  • 2.13.1 Radiation-Use Efficiency in Diverse C4 Grasses
  • 2.14 Avenues for Genetic Modification of Radiation-Use Efficiency
  • References
  • Further Reading
  • 3 Water-Use Efficiency Under Changing Climatic Conditions
  • 3.1 Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.2 Properties of Water
  • 3.3 Water at Equilibrium: Water Potential and Its Components
  • 3.3.1 Osmotic Pressure
  • Influence of Gravity
  • 3.3.2 Positive and Negative Hydrostatic Pressures
  • 3.3.3 Connection Between Water Potential and the Vapor Pressure of Water
  • Flow of Water Through the Soil
  • 3.3.4 Movement of Water Through Soil and Plants to the Atmosphere
  • Flow From Soil Through Roots, to the Vascular System
  • Longitudinal Flow in the Xylem
  • From the Xylem to the Substomatal Cavities in the Leaf
  • Stomatal Control of Transpiration
  • 3.4 Models for Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.4.1 de Wit's Model
  • 3.4.2 Arkely's Model
  • 3.4.3 Bierhuizen and Slatyer's Model
  • 3.4.4 Stewart's Model
  • 3.4.5 Tanner and Sinclair's Model
  • 3.5 Plant Growth and Yield in Relation to Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.5.1 Cereal Yield Progress and Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.6 Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Water-Use Efficiency.
  • 3.7 Water-Use Efficiency Under High and Low Temperatures
  • 3.8 Water-Use Efficiency Under Excess and Limited Water Conditions
  • 3.8.1 Excess Water Conditions
  • 3.8.2 Limited Water Conditions
  • 3.8.3 Effect of Furrow Irrigation
  • 3.8.4 Effect of Limited Irrigation
  • 3.9 Effect of Edaphic Factors on Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.9.1 Soil-Water-Plant Relationship
  • 3.10 Water-Use Efficiency in Relation to CO2 Concentration
  • 3.11 Wind Velocity and Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.12 Water-Use Efficiency Under Diffused Light
  • 3.13 Effect of Morphophysiological Trait on Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.13.1 Stomatal Density
  • 3.13.2 Stomatal Conductance
  • 3.13.3 Osmotic Adjustment
  • 3.13.4 Root System
  • 3.13.5 Leaf Temperature and Vapor Pressure Deficit
  • 3.13.6 Leaf Area Index
  • 3.13.7 Plant Water Status
  • 3.13.8 Effects Over the Growing Season
  • 3.14 Effect of Fertilizers on Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.14.1 Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels
  • 3.14.2 Phosphorus and Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.14.3 Temperature and Phosphorus Affect Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.14.4 Phosphorus Placement and Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.14.5 Effect of Potassium on Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.15 Strategies for Improvement of Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.15.1 Plant Strategies to Improve Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.15.2 Agronomic Management Factors to Improve Yield
  • Mulching
  • Cover Crops
  • 3.15.3 Plant Population and Row Spacing
  • 3.15.4 Changes in Irrigation Technology to Improve Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.15.5 Limitations to Increasing Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.16 Soil Management for Higher Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.16.1 Role of Soil-Crop Modeling
  • 3.17 Breeding for High Water-Use Efficiency
  • 3.18 Increasing Water-Use Efficiency Through Molecular Genetics
  • 3.18.1 Controlling Water Uptake Through Root Architecture
  • 3.18.2 Controlling Water Loss Through Stomatal Density.
  • 3.18.3 Controlling Water Loss Through the Cuticle
  • 3.18.4 Controlling Water Loss Through Guard Cells
  • References
  • Further Reading
  • 4 Nitrogen-Use Efficiency Under Changing Climatic Conditions
  • 4.1 Importance of nitrogen
  • 4.2 What is nitrogen-use efficiency
  • 4.2.1 Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Agronomy
  • 4.2.2 Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Ecology
  • 4.3 Role of nitrogen in plant growth
  • 4.3.1 Plant Traits Related to Nitrogen Use
  • 4.3.2 Nitrogen Assimilatory Enzymes
  • 4.4 Plant and soil factors influencing nitrogen-use efficiency
  • 4.5 Nitrogen-use efficiency under low soil moisture condition
  • 4.6 Nitrogen-use efficiency under soil salinity conditions
  • 4.6.1 Nitrogen Absorption by Different Plants Under NaCl Stress and Effect of NaCl on Nitrogen-Use Efficiency
  • NaCl Stress and its Effect on Nitrogen Uptake by Legumes
  • Faba Bean
  • Broad Bean, Soybean, and Lentil
  • Chickpea
  • Effect of NaCl on Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Cereals
  • Wheat
  • Rice
  • Barley
  • Pearl Millet
  • 4.7 Nitrogen-use efficiency under varying nitrogen levels
  • 4.8 Genetic and environmental variations in nitrogen-use efficiency
  • 4.9 Management effects on nitrogen-use efficiency
  • 4.9.1 Nitrogen from Plant Sources
  • 4.9.2 Nitrogen from Animal Sources
  • 4.10 Approaches for increasing nitrogen through water-use efficiency
  • 4.10.1 Nitrogen Mineralization from Soils and Organic Amendments
  • 4.10.2 Cropping System Strategies
  • 4.11 Maximizing nitrogen-use efficiency
  • 4.11.1 Choice of Nitrogenous Fertilizer
  • 4.11.2 Management of Nitrogenous Fertilizers
  • Improving Nitrogen- and Radiation-Use Efficiency
  • References
  • 5 Changing Environmental Condition and Phosphorus-Use Efficiency in Plants
  • 5.1 Importance of Phosphorus
  • 5.2 Phosphorus Cycle
  • 5.3 Phosphorus in Agriculture and Phosphorus-Use Efficiency.
  • 5.3.1 Need to Use Phosphorus Efficiency
  • 5.3.2 Phosphorus-Use Efficiency and Phosphorus Dynamics in a Growing Crop
  • 5.4 Assessment of Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
  • 5.5 Role of Phosphorus in Plant Growth and Yield
  • 5.5.1 Phosphorus as a Structural Element
  • 5.5.2 Role of Phosphorus in Energy Transfer
  • 5.5.3 Regulatory Role of Inorganic Phosphorus
  • 5.5.4 Phosphorus Deficiency and Toxicity
  • 5.6 Phosphorus Requirements of Different Crops
  • 5.7 Factors of Phosphorus Availability
  • 5.7.1 Soil Temperature and Phosphorus Uptake by Plants
  • 5.8 Phosphorus-Use Efficiency With and Without Nitrogen
  • 5.9 Microbial Mobilization of Soil Phosphorus
  • 5.9.1 Phosphorus Availability and Dynamics in Soils and Rhizosphere
  • 5.9.2 Microorganisms Affecting Phosphorus Release in Soils
  • 5.9.3 Microbial Strategy for Release of Unavailable Forms of Phosphorus
  • 5.9.4 Biochemical Mechanism of Phosphorus Release
  • 5.10 Effect of Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
  • 5.10.1 Foliar Application and Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
  • 5.10.2 Factors Affecting Foliar Uptake of Phosphorus
  • 5.10.3 Effect of Foliar Phosphorus on Yield, Phosphorus-Use Efficiency, and Grain Phosphorus Concentration
  • 5.11 Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
  • 5.11.1 Plant Phosphorus Demands Under Elevated CO2
  • 5.11.2 Plant Phosphorus Utilization Under Elevated CO2
  • 5.11.3 Phosphorus Transformation Between Phosphorus Pools in the Rhizosphere Under Elevated CO2
  • 5.12 Improving Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
  • 5.12.1 Plant Architectural Traits Related to Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
  • 5.12.2 Morphophysiological Traits Related to Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
  • 5.12.3 External Phosphorus-Use Efficiency: Traits Related to Phosphorus Uptake
  • 5.12.4 Modifications in Root Morphology
  • 5.12.5 Changes in Root Physiology.
  • 5.12.6 Internal Phosphorus-Use Efficiency: Economical Utilization in the Plant.