Changing Climate and Resource Use Efficiency in Plants.
Main Author: | |
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Format: | eBook |
Language: | English |
Published: |
San Diego :
Elsevier Science & Technology,
2018.
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | View fulltext via EzAccess |
Table of Contents:
- Front Cover
- Changing Climate and Resource Use Efficiency in Plants
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Global Climate Change and Its Impact on Agriculture
- 1.1 Climate Change
- 1.1.1 Weather and Climate
- 1.2 Crop Responses to Expected Climate Change Factors
- 1.2.1 Light
- 1.2.2 Temperature
- 1.2.3 Precipitation
- 1.2.4 Wind
- 1.3 Interactive Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change
- 1.3.1 Photosynthetic and Productivity Interactions
- 1.4 Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Sinks
- 1.5 Climate Change and Resource Use Efficiency
- 1.6 Climate Change and Water-Use Efficiency
- 1.7 Climate Change and Radiation-Use Efficiency
- 1.8 Climate Change and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency
- 1.9 Implications of Fertilizers Under Changing Climate
- 1.10 Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture
- 1.11 Direct Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture
- 1.11.1 Changes in Mean Climate
- 1.11.2 Climate Variability and Extreme Weather Events
- 1.11.3 Extreme Temperatures
- 1.11.4 Drought
- 1.11.5 Heavy Rainfall and Flooding
- 1.11.6 Tropical Storms
- 1.12 Nonclimate Impacts Related to Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Impacts of Changes in Atmospheric Composition
- 1.12.1 CO2 Fertilization
- 1.12.2 Ozone
- 1.13 Climate Change Impact on Water Availability
- 1.14 Climate Change Impacts on Crop Water Productivity
- 1.15 Agricultural Productivity and Food Security
- 1.16 Future Impact of Climate Change
- References
- Further Reading
- 2 Radiation-Use Efficiency Under Different Climatic Conditions
- 2.1 Solar Radiation
- 2.2 Effect of Interception of Radiation Leaf Area Index on Crop Growth and Production
- 2.2.1 Leaf Area Index
- 2.2.2 Effect of Intercepted Radiation and Leaf Area Index on Growth and Crop Production
- 2.3 Low Soil Moisture and Radiation-Use Efficiency
- 2.4 Radiation-Use Efficiency as Affected by Temperature.
- 2.5 Light Interception Efficiency
- 2.6 Radiation-Use Efficiency Under Different Abiotic Factors
- 2.6.1 Nutrient Application
- 2.6.2 Vapor Pressure Deficit
- 2.6.3 Diffused Light
- 2.6.4 Undersoil Salinity Condition
- 2.6.5 Under Optimal Growth Conditions
- 2.7 Canopy Structure, Row Orientation, and Radiation-Use Efficiency
- 2.8 Radiation-Use Efficiency and Crop Growth
- 2.9 Radiation-Use Efficiency and Crop Yield
- 2.10 Temperature and Radiation-Use Efficiency
- 2.11 Low Soil Moisture and Radiation-Use Efficiency
- 2.12 Elevated CO2 Concentration and Radiation-Use Efficiency
- 2.13 Genetic Variability in Radiation-Use Efficiency
- 2.13.1 Radiation-Use Efficiency in Diverse C4 Grasses
- 2.14 Avenues for Genetic Modification of Radiation-Use Efficiency
- References
- Further Reading
- 3 Water-Use Efficiency Under Changing Climatic Conditions
- 3.1 Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.2 Properties of Water
- 3.3 Water at Equilibrium: Water Potential and Its Components
- 3.3.1 Osmotic Pressure
- Influence of Gravity
- 3.3.2 Positive and Negative Hydrostatic Pressures
- 3.3.3 Connection Between Water Potential and the Vapor Pressure of Water
- Flow of Water Through the Soil
- 3.3.4 Movement of Water Through Soil and Plants to the Atmosphere
- Flow From Soil Through Roots, to the Vascular System
- Longitudinal Flow in the Xylem
- From the Xylem to the Substomatal Cavities in the Leaf
- Stomatal Control of Transpiration
- 3.4 Models for Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.4.1 de Wit's Model
- 3.4.2 Arkely's Model
- 3.4.3 Bierhuizen and Slatyer's Model
- 3.4.4 Stewart's Model
- 3.4.5 Tanner and Sinclair's Model
- 3.5 Plant Growth and Yield in Relation to Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.5.1 Cereal Yield Progress and Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.6 Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Water-Use Efficiency.
- 3.7 Water-Use Efficiency Under High and Low Temperatures
- 3.8 Water-Use Efficiency Under Excess and Limited Water Conditions
- 3.8.1 Excess Water Conditions
- 3.8.2 Limited Water Conditions
- 3.8.3 Effect of Furrow Irrigation
- 3.8.4 Effect of Limited Irrigation
- 3.9 Effect of Edaphic Factors on Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.9.1 Soil-Water-Plant Relationship
- 3.10 Water-Use Efficiency in Relation to CO2 Concentration
- 3.11 Wind Velocity and Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.12 Water-Use Efficiency Under Diffused Light
- 3.13 Effect of Morphophysiological Trait on Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.13.1 Stomatal Density
- 3.13.2 Stomatal Conductance
- 3.13.3 Osmotic Adjustment
- 3.13.4 Root System
- 3.13.5 Leaf Temperature and Vapor Pressure Deficit
- 3.13.6 Leaf Area Index
- 3.13.7 Plant Water Status
- 3.13.8 Effects Over the Growing Season
- 3.14 Effect of Fertilizers on Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.14.1 Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels
- 3.14.2 Phosphorus and Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.14.3 Temperature and Phosphorus Affect Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.14.4 Phosphorus Placement and Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.14.5 Effect of Potassium on Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.15 Strategies for Improvement of Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.15.1 Plant Strategies to Improve Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.15.2 Agronomic Management Factors to Improve Yield
- Mulching
- Cover Crops
- 3.15.3 Plant Population and Row Spacing
- 3.15.4 Changes in Irrigation Technology to Improve Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.15.5 Limitations to Increasing Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.16 Soil Management for Higher Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.16.1 Role of Soil-Crop Modeling
- 3.17 Breeding for High Water-Use Efficiency
- 3.18 Increasing Water-Use Efficiency Through Molecular Genetics
- 3.18.1 Controlling Water Uptake Through Root Architecture
- 3.18.2 Controlling Water Loss Through Stomatal Density.
- 3.18.3 Controlling Water Loss Through the Cuticle
- 3.18.4 Controlling Water Loss Through Guard Cells
- References
- Further Reading
- 4 Nitrogen-Use Efficiency Under Changing Climatic Conditions
- 4.1 Importance of nitrogen
- 4.2 What is nitrogen-use efficiency
- 4.2.1 Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Agronomy
- 4.2.2 Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Ecology
- 4.3 Role of nitrogen in plant growth
- 4.3.1 Plant Traits Related to Nitrogen Use
- 4.3.2 Nitrogen Assimilatory Enzymes
- 4.4 Plant and soil factors influencing nitrogen-use efficiency
- 4.5 Nitrogen-use efficiency under low soil moisture condition
- 4.6 Nitrogen-use efficiency under soil salinity conditions
- 4.6.1 Nitrogen Absorption by Different Plants Under NaCl Stress and Effect of NaCl on Nitrogen-Use Efficiency
- NaCl Stress and its Effect on Nitrogen Uptake by Legumes
- Faba Bean
- Broad Bean, Soybean, and Lentil
- Chickpea
- Effect of NaCl on Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Cereals
- Wheat
- Rice
- Barley
- Pearl Millet
- 4.7 Nitrogen-use efficiency under varying nitrogen levels
- 4.8 Genetic and environmental variations in nitrogen-use efficiency
- 4.9 Management effects on nitrogen-use efficiency
- 4.9.1 Nitrogen from Plant Sources
- 4.9.2 Nitrogen from Animal Sources
- 4.10 Approaches for increasing nitrogen through water-use efficiency
- 4.10.1 Nitrogen Mineralization from Soils and Organic Amendments
- 4.10.2 Cropping System Strategies
- 4.11 Maximizing nitrogen-use efficiency
- 4.11.1 Choice of Nitrogenous Fertilizer
- 4.11.2 Management of Nitrogenous Fertilizers
- Improving Nitrogen- and Radiation-Use Efficiency
- References
- 5 Changing Environmental Condition and Phosphorus-Use Efficiency in Plants
- 5.1 Importance of Phosphorus
- 5.2 Phosphorus Cycle
- 5.3 Phosphorus in Agriculture and Phosphorus-Use Efficiency.
- 5.3.1 Need to Use Phosphorus Efficiency
- 5.3.2 Phosphorus-Use Efficiency and Phosphorus Dynamics in a Growing Crop
- 5.4 Assessment of Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
- 5.5 Role of Phosphorus in Plant Growth and Yield
- 5.5.1 Phosphorus as a Structural Element
- 5.5.2 Role of Phosphorus in Energy Transfer
- 5.5.3 Regulatory Role of Inorganic Phosphorus
- 5.5.4 Phosphorus Deficiency and Toxicity
- 5.6 Phosphorus Requirements of Different Crops
- 5.7 Factors of Phosphorus Availability
- 5.7.1 Soil Temperature and Phosphorus Uptake by Plants
- 5.8 Phosphorus-Use Efficiency With and Without Nitrogen
- 5.9 Microbial Mobilization of Soil Phosphorus
- 5.9.1 Phosphorus Availability and Dynamics in Soils and Rhizosphere
- 5.9.2 Microorganisms Affecting Phosphorus Release in Soils
- 5.9.3 Microbial Strategy for Release of Unavailable Forms of Phosphorus
- 5.9.4 Biochemical Mechanism of Phosphorus Release
- 5.10 Effect of Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
- 5.10.1 Foliar Application and Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
- 5.10.2 Factors Affecting Foliar Uptake of Phosphorus
- 5.10.3 Effect of Foliar Phosphorus on Yield, Phosphorus-Use Efficiency, and Grain Phosphorus Concentration
- 5.11 Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
- 5.11.1 Plant Phosphorus Demands Under Elevated CO2
- 5.11.2 Plant Phosphorus Utilization Under Elevated CO2
- 5.11.3 Phosphorus Transformation Between Phosphorus Pools in the Rhizosphere Under Elevated CO2
- 5.12 Improving Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
- 5.12.1 Plant Architectural Traits Related to Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
- 5.12.2 Morphophysiological Traits Related to Phosphorus-Use Efficiency
- 5.12.3 External Phosphorus-Use Efficiency: Traits Related to Phosphorus Uptake
- 5.12.4 Modifications in Root Morphology
- 5.12.5 Changes in Root Physiology.
- 5.12.6 Internal Phosphorus-Use Efficiency: Economical Utilization in the Plant.