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Human Physiology.

For courses in Human Physiology. Move beyond memorization: Prepare students for tomorrow's challenges Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach is the #1 best-selling 1-semester human physiology text world-wide. The 8th Edition engages students in developing a deeper understanding of human physi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Silverthorn, Dee Unglaub.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Harlow, United Kingdom : Pearson Education Limited, 2018.
Edition:8th ed.
Subjects:
Human physiology.
Electronic books.
Online Access:View fulltext via EzAccess
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Contents in Brief
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • About the Author
  • Dedication
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • UNIT 1 Basic Cell Processes: Integration and Coordination
  • Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiology
  • Physiology Is an Integrative Science
  • RUNNING PROBLEM What to Believe?
  • Emerging Concepts The Changing World of Omics
  • Function and Mechanism
  • Themes in Physiology
  • Focus on . . . Mapping
  • Theme 1: Structure and Function Are Closely Related
  • Theme 2: Living Organisms Need Energy
  • Theme 3: Information Flow Coordinates Body Functions
  • Theme 4: Homeostasis Maintains Internal Stability
  • Homeostasis
  • What Is the Body's Internal Environment?
  • Homeostasis Depends on Mass Balance
  • Excretion Clears Substances from the Body
  • Homeostasis Does Not Mean Equilibrium
  • Control Systems and Homeostasis
  • Local Control Is Restricted to a Tissue
  • Reflex Control Uses Long‐Distance Signaling
  • Response Loops Begin with a Stimulus
  • Feedback Loops Modulate the Response Loop
  • Negative Feedback Loops Are Homeostatic
  • Positive Feedback Loops Are Not Homeostatic
  • Feedforward Control Allows the Body to Anticipate Change
  • Biological Rhythms Result from Changes in a Setpoint
  • The Science of Physiology
  • Good Scientific Experiments Must Be Carefully Designed
  • Focus on . . . Graphing
  • The Results of Human Experiments Can Be Difficult to Interpret
  • CHAPTER SUMMARY
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Chapter 2: Molecular Interactions
  • RUNNING PROBLEM Chromium Supplements
  • Molecules and Bonds
  • Most Biomolecules Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
  • Electrons Have Four Important Biological Roles
  • Covalent Bonds between Atoms Create Molecules
  • Noncovalent Bonds Facilitate Reversible Interactions
  • Noncovalent Interactions
  • Hydrophilic Interactions Create Biological Solutions.
  • Molecular Shape Is Related to Molecular Function
  • Hydrogen Ions in Solution Can Alter Molecular Shape
  • Protein Interactions
  • Proteins Are Selective about the Molecules They Bind
  • Protein‐Binding Reactions Are Reversible
  • Binding Reactions Obey the Law of Mass Action
  • The Dissociation Constant Indicates Affinity
  • Multiple Factors Alter Protein Binding
  • The Body Regulates the Amount of Protein in Cells
  • Reaction Rate Can Reach a Maximum
  • CHAPTER SUMMARY
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Chapter 3: Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues
  • RUNNING PROBLEM Pap Tests Save Lives
  • Functional Compartments of the Body
  • The Lumens of Some Organs Are Outside the Body
  • Functionally, the Body Has Three Fluid Compartments
  • Biological Membranes
  • The Cell Membrane Separates Cell from Environment
  • Membranes Are Mostly Lipid and Protein
  • Membrane Lipids Create a Hydrophobic Barrier
  • Membrane Proteins May Be Loosely or Tightly Bound to the Membrane
  • Membrane Carbohydrates Attach to Both Lipids and Proteins
  • Intracellular Compartments
  • Cells Are Divided into Compartments
  • The Cytoplasm Includes Cytosol, Inclusions, Fibers, and Organelles
  • Inclusions Are in Direct Contact with the Cytosol
  • Cytoplasmic Protein Fibers Come in Three Sizes
  • Microtubules Form Centrioles, Cilia, and Flagella
  • Emerging Concepts Single Cilia Are Sensors
  • The Cytoskeleton Is a Changeable Scaffold
  • Motor Proteins Create Movement
  • Organelles Create Compartments for Specialized Functions
  • The Nucleus Is the Cell's Control Center
  • Tissues of the Body
  • Extracellular Matrix Has Many Functions
  • Cell Junctions Hold Cells Together to Form Tissues
  • Epithelia Provide Protection and Regulate Exchange
  • Connective Tissues Provide Support and Barriers
  • Muscle and Neural Tissues Are Excitable
  • Tissue Remodeling
  • Apoptosis Is a Tidy Form of Cell Death.
  • Stem Cells Can Create New Specialized Cells
  • Emerging Concepts Induced Pluripotent Stems Cells
  • Focus on . . . The Skin
  • Organs
  • CHAPTER SUMMARY
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Chapter 4: Energy and Cellular Metabolism
  • RUNNING PROBLEM Tay‐Sachs Disease: A Deadly Inheritance
  • Energy in Biological Systems
  • Energy Is Used to Perform Work
  • Energy Comes in Two Forms: Kinetic and Potential
  • Energy Can Be Converted from One Form to Another
  • Thermodynamics Is the Study of Energy Use
  • Chemical Reactions
  • Energy Is Transferred between Molecules during Reactions
  • Activation Energy Gets Reactions Started
  • Energy Is Trapped or Released during Reactions
  • Net Free Energy Change Determines Reaction Reversibility
  • Enzymes
  • Enzymes Are Proteins
  • Reaction Rates Are Variable
  • Enzymes May Be Activated, Inactivated, or Modulated
  • Enzymes Lower Activation Energy of Reactions
  • Enzymatic Reactions Can Be Categorized
  • Metabolism
  • Cells Regulate Their Metabolic Pathways
  • Catabolic Pathways Produce ATP
  • One Glucose Molecule Can Yield 30-32 ATP
  • Anaerobic Metabolism Makes Two ATP
  • Proteins Are the Key to Cell Function
  • DNA Guides the Synthesis of RNA
  • Alternative Splicing Creates Multiple Proteins from One DNA Sequence
  • mRNA Translation Links Amino Acids
  • Emerging Concepts Purple Petunias and RNAi
  • Protein Sorting Directs Proteins to Their Destination
  • Proteins Undergo Posttranslational Modification
  • CHAPTER SUMMARY
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Chapter 5: Membrane Dynamics
  • RUNNING PROBLEM Cystic Fibrosis
  • Homeostasis Does Not Mean Equilibrium
  • Osmosis and Tonicity
  • The Body Is Mostly Water
  • The Body Is in Osmotic Equilibrium
  • Osmolarity Describes the Number of Particles in Solution
  • Tonicity Describes the Volume Change of a Cell
  • Transport Processes
  • Cell Membranes Are Selectively Permeable
  • Diffusion.
  • Lipophilic Molecules Cross Membranes by Simple Diffusion
  • Protein‐Mediated Transport
  • Membrane Proteins Have Four Major Functions
  • Channel Proteins Form Open, Water‐Filled Passageways
  • Carrier Proteins Change Conformation to Move Molecules
  • Facilitated Diffusion Uses Carrier Proteins
  • Active Transport Moves Substances against Their ‐Concentration Gradients
  • Carrier‐Mediated Transport Exhibits Specificity, Competition, and Saturation
  • Vesicular Transport
  • Phagocytosis Creates Vesicles Using the Cytoskeleton
  • Endocytosis Creates Smaller Vesicles
  • CLINICAL FOCUS LDL: The Lethal Lipoprotein
  • Exocytosis Releases Molecules Too Large for Transport Proteins
  • Epithelial Transport
  • Epithelial Transport May Be Paracellular or Transcellular
  • Transcellular Transport of Glucose Uses Membrane Proteins
  • Transcytosis Uses Vesicles to Cross an Epithelium
  • The Resting Membrane Potential
  • Electricity Review
  • The Cell Membrane Enables Separation of Electrical Charge in the Body
  • All Living Cells Have a Membrane Potential
  • The Resting Membrane Potential Is Due Mostly to Potassium
  • Changes in Ion Permeability Change the Membrane Potential
  • Integrated Membrane Processes: Insulin Secretion
  • CHAPTER SUMMARY
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • Chapter 6: Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis
  • Cell‐to‐Cell Communication
  • RUNNING PROBLEM Diabetes Mellitus: A Growing Epidemic
  • Gap Junctions Create Cytoplasmic Bridges
  • Contact‐Dependent Signals Require Cell‐to‐Cell Contact
  • Local Communication Uses Paracrine and Autocrine Signals
  • Long‐Distance Communication May Be Electrical or Chemical
  • Cytokines May Act as Both Local and Long‐Distance Signals
  • Signal Pathways
  • Receptor Proteins Are Located Inside the Cell or on the Cell Membrane
  • Membrane Proteins Facilitate Signal Transduction.
  • The Most Rapid Signal Pathways Change Ion Flow through Channels
  • Most Signal Transduction Uses G Proteins
  • Many Lipophobic Hormones Use GPCR‐cAMP Pathways
  • G Protein‐Coupled Receptors Also Use Lipid‐Derived Second Messengers
  • Catalytic Receptors Have Enzyme Activity
  • Integrin Receptors Transfer Information from the Extracellular Matrix
  • Novel Signal Molecules
  • Calcium Is an Important Intracellular Signal
  • Gases Are Ephemeral Signal Molecules
  • BIOTECHNOLOGY Calcium Signals Glow in the Dark
  • CLINICAL FOCUS From Dynamite to Medicine
  • Some Lipids Are Important Paracrine Signals
  • Modulation of Signal Pathways
  • Receptors Exhibit Saturation, Specificity, and Competition
  • One Ligand May Have Multiple Receptors
  • Up and Down‐Regulation Enable Cells to Modulate Responses
  • Cells Must Be Able to Terminate Signal Pathways
  • Many Diseases and Drugs Target the Proteins of Signal Transduction
  • Homeostatic Reflex Pathways
  • Cannon's Postulates Describe Regulated Variables and ‐Control Systems
  • Long‐Distance Pathways Maintain Homeostasis
  • Control Systems Vary in Their Speed and Specificity
  • Complex Reflex Control Pathways Have Several Integrating Centers
  • CHAPTER SUMMARY
  • REVIEW QUESTIONS
  • UNIT 2 Homeostasis and Control
  • Chapter 7: Introduction to the Endocrine System
  • Hormones
  • RUNNING PROBLEM Graves' Disease
  • Hormones Have Been Known Since Ancient Times
  • CLINICAL FOCUS Diabetes: The Discovery of Insulin
  • What Makes a Chemical a Hormone?
  • Hormones Act by Binding to Receptors
  • Hormone Action Must Be Terminated
  • The Classification of Hormones
  • Most Hormones Are Peptides or Proteins
  • Steroid Hormones Are Derived from Cholesterol
  • Some Hormones Are Derived from Single Amino Acids
  • Control of Hormone Release
  • The Endocrine Cell Is the Sensor in Simple Endocrine Reflexes.
  • Many Endocrine Reflexes Involve the Nervous System.

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