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Encyclopedia of Stroke (9 Volume Set).

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Townsend, Sean M.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: New York : Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2020.
Series:New Developments in Medical Research Ser.
Subjects:
Cerebrovascular disease-Encyclopedias.
Electronic books.
Online Access:View fulltext via EzAccess
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Chapter 1
  • Management of Carotid Stenosis: Carotid Revascularization in the Modern Era
  • Abstract
  • Atherosclerosis: The Role of Inflammation
  • Evolution of Carotid Revascularization
  • The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET)
  • Ideal Timing for Revascularization Procedures
  • The Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Surgery Trial (ACAS)
  • The Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST-1)
  • Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy Trial (SAPPHIRE)
  • The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST)
  • Carotid Revascularization in Asymptomatic Patients
  • Carotid Revascularization in the Elderly
  • Carotid Revascularization in Women
  • Physician Specialty and the Choice of Revascularization Procedure
  • Carotid CAS Complication Rates over Time
  • Making the Case for Intensive Medical Therapy for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis
  • Future Directions
  • References
  • Chapter 2
  • Ischemic Stroke: From Acute Treatment to Long-Term Recovery
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment
  • Future Directions and Conclusion
  • Stroke Prevention: Managing Modifiable Risk Factors
  • Treatment of Hypertension
  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Treating Hyperlipidemia
  • Diabetes
  • Antiplatelet Therapy
  • Cilostazol in the Management of Atherosclerosis
  • Stroke Rehabilitation
  • Neuroplasticity and Mechanisms of Recovery
  • References
  • Chapter 3
  • Ischemic Stroke Prevention in Vietnam
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Stroke Prevalence and Incidence
  • Morbidity and Mortality Trend
  • Risk Factors of Stroke
  • Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
  • Modifiable Risk Factors
  • Prevention Strategy in Vietnam
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 4.
  • Modulation of Protein Kinase C Isoforms: A Potential Therapeutic for Ischemic Stroke?
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • PKC Isoforms - A Lesson in Structure-Function Relationships
  • Expression of PKC Isoforms - Systemic and Cellular Considerations
  • Activation of PKC Isoforms
  • Regulating PKC Activation
  • PKC - A Role in Disease Processes?
  • Effect of Neural Disease and Injury on Pkc Activity
  • Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
  • Ischemia
  • Ischemic Preconditioning
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Role of Pkc in Neural Injury Outcome
  • Modulation of Response to Oxidative Stress
  • Effect of PKC on Cell Survival
  • Regulating BBB Integrity Through Matrix Remodeling
  • Role in Recovery and Repair Following Neural Injury
  • Effect of PKC Modulation on Learning and Memory
  • Studying Pkc Isoform-Specific Events: Using Available Tools
  • Future Directions
  • Alterations in PKC-Mediated Signaling Associated with Aging
  • Elucidating Cell-Specific and Time-Dependent Events
  • Understanding PKC-Mediated Pathways
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 5
  • Role of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography in Cerebrovascular Disease
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Fast Track Insonation Protocol
  • Prolonged TCD Monitoring
  • Therapeutic TCD
  • Ultrasound Contrast Agents and Sonothrombolysis
  • TCD in Cartoid Stenosis and Endarterectomy
  • TCD in Intracranial Stenosis
  • Vasomotor Reactivity
  • Right-to-Left Shunt Detection
  • Use of TCD in Sickle Cell Disease
  • TCD for Vasospasm Studies in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
  • Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex (TCCD)
  • Future Developments
  • References
  • Chapter 6
  • Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Management
  • Abstract
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Pathophysiology
  • a. Cytokines
  • b. Microglia
  • c. T Cells
  • III. Diagnostic Imaging
  • a. Computed Tomography (CT).
  • b. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • c. Ultrasound
  • d. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
  • e. Near-Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF)
  • IV. Prevention and Treatment
  • a. Prevention
  • b. Treatment
  • b1. Currently Available Therapies
  • b2. Novel Therapies
  • Pharmacologically Induced Hypothermia
  • Erythropoietin
  • Other Neuroprotective Agents
  • Cell-Based Therapies
  • Summary and Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 7
  • Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility Gene Research: Lessons We Learned
  • Abstract
  • Overview of Strokes
  • Stratification of Ischemic Stroke
  • Risk Factors for Stroke
  • Monogenic Disorders Associated with Ischemic Stroke
  • Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leucoenchephalopathy (CADASIL)
  • Cerebral Autosomal-Recessive Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoenchephalopathy (CARASIL)
  • Fabry's Disease
  • Sickle-Cell Disease
  • Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS)
  • Homocystinuria
  • Moyamoya Disease
  • Marfan's Syndrome
  • Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
  • Periods in the Stroke Susceptibility Research
  • The Classic Genetic Risk Factors and the Stroke
  • Further Search for the Functional SNPs in Stroke
  • Direct Genome-Wide Association Studies in Ischemic Stroke Biobanks
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 8
  • Perioperative Ischemic Stroke
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Epidemiology
  • Pathogenic Mechanism
  • Prognosis
  • Risk Factors
  • 1) Patient Factors
  • Age and Co-morbiditiy
  • History of Stroke
  • Carotid Stenosis
  • 2) Surgery Factors
  • Blood Pressure Control
  • Anesthesia
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Perioperative Drug Use
  • Anti-platelet Agents or Anti-coagulants
  • Statins
  • Beta-Blockers
  • Risk Stratification
  • Treatment
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 9.
  • Traditional Medicine in the Treatment and Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
  • Abstract
  • Abbreviations Used
  • Introduction
  • Traditional Medicine - An Overview
  • Traditional African Medicine (TAM)
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
  • Stroke
  • Cerebral Ischemia - Pathophysiology and Mechanisms
  • Yin-Yang Theory in TCM
  • Basic Principles of Stroke in TCM
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stroke Therapy
  • Herbs Used for Treatment or Prevention of Stroke in TCM
  • Acanthropanax Senticosus Harms
  • Angelica Sinensis, A. Gigas
  • Astragalus Membranaceus
  • Bombycis Corpus
  • Carthamus Tinctorius
  • Corydalis Yanhusuo
  • Ginkgo Biloba
  • Ligusticum Wallichii Franchat
  • Lycium Barbaarum L.
  • Magnolia Officinalis Rehder Et Wilson
  • Paeonia Suffruticosa Andrews, Paeonia Lactiflora Pall
  • Panax Ginseng
  • Pueraria Lobata
  • Rhodiola Rosea L., Rhodiola Sacra S. H. FU, Rhodiola Sachalinensis A. BOR
  • Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge
  • Schisandra Chinensis
  • Scutellaria Baicalensis
  • Sophora Japonica L.
  • Stephania Tetrandra S. Moore
  • Herbal Prescriptions in TCM
  • Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) 五汤
  • Buchang Naoxintong Jiaonang (BNJ) 步 心 囊
  • Danqi Piantang Jiaonang (DJ) 丹 偏 囊
  • Huang Lian Jie Du Decoction (HHD) 毒汤
  • Kueichih Fuling Wan (KFW) 桂枝 丸
  • Qingkailing (QKL) Injection 清开灵注射液
  • Qizhu Tang Decoction (QZT) 术汤
  • Shengmai San 生 散
  • Acupuncture
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine - Weakness
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine - Future Developments
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 10
  • Ischemic Stroke in Children: Symptoms, Prevention and Recovery
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Arterial Ischemic Stroke
  • Clinical Presentation
  • Etiologies and Risk Factors
  • Cardiac Disease or Intervention
  • Cerebral Arteriopathies
  • Prothrombotic and Hematological Disorders
  • Genetic and Other Risk Factors.
  • Risk Factors for Ischemic Perinatal Stroke
  • Treatment and Prevention of Childhood AIS
  • General Treatment of AIS
  • Acute Treatment
  • Hyperacute Thrombolytic Therapy
  • Acute Antithrombotic Therapy
  • Supportive Therapy
  • Long Term Therapy
  • Secondary Prevention
  • Rehabilitative Approaches
  • Treatment of Specific Etiological Disorders Associated with Ischemic Stroke
  • Recovery and Outcome
  • Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis
  • Clinical Presentation
  • Etiologies and Risk Factors
  • Clinical Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Future Directions
  • References
  • Chapter 11
  • The Immune System and Strokes
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Cells of the Immune System
  • Role of Inflammation and the Immune System in Stroke
  • Immune System-Brain Interactions in the Acute Phase of a Stroke
  • Natural Regulatory T Cells
  • Targets for Stroke Prevention: Role of Inflammation and Immunity
  • Immunomodulation to Restrict Brain-Tissue Damage after a Stroke
  • Difficulties in Translation from Bench to Bedside and Research Priorities
  • Modulation of the Post-Ischemic Immune Response to Improve the Stroke Outcome
  • References
  • Chapter 12
  • Pathophysiology of Strokes
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Mechanisms of Neuronal Injury
  • Concept of Ischemic Penumbra
  • Cerebral Edema and Its Effects
  • Effects of Ischemia on Structural Integrity of Brain
  • Hemorrhagic Stroke
  • Atherosclerosis and Stroke
  • Free Radicals in Cerebral Damage
  • Excitotoxicity
  • Cortical Spreading Depolarizations
  • Inflammation
  • Inflammation and Stroke
  • Infective Conditions Associated with Stroke
  • Inflammatory Mediators in Acute Stroke
  • Inflammatory Gene Expression
  • Cytokines
  • Chemokines
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)
  • Adhesion Molecules
  • Neuropeptides
  • Cellular Arm
  • Leukocytes
  • Microglia
  • Acute Phase Reactants and Body Temperature
  • C-reactive Protein.
  • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate And Fibrinogen (ESR).

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