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Articular cartilage tissue engineering

Cartilage injuries in children and adolescents are increasingly observed, with roughly 20% of knee injuries in adolescents requiring surgery. In the US alone, costs of osteoarthritis are in excess of $65 billion per year (both medical costs and lost wages). Comorbidities are common with OA and are a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Athanasiou, K. A.
Other Authors: Darling, Eric M., Hu, Jerry C.
Format: Electronic
Language:English
Published: San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA) : Morgan & Claypool Publishers, c2010.
Series:Synthesis lectures on tissue engineering (Online), # 3.
Subjects:
Articular cartilage.
Tissue engineering.
Online Access:View fulltext via EzAccess
Table of Contents:
  • 1. Hyaline articular cartilage
  • Composition, structure and function of hyaline cartilage
  • Biochemical composition
  • Structure
  • Function
  • Articular chondrocytes
  • Chapter concepts
  • 2. Cartilage aging and pathology: the impetus for tissue engineering
  • Cartilage formation
  • Chondrocyte condensation and differentiation
  • Hypertrophy and ossification
  • Aging
  • Cartilage injuries
  • Osteochondral, chondral defects, and microfractures
  • Causes of cartilage injuries
  • Repair responses to cartilage injury
  • Costs of articular cartilage injuries
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Osteoarthritic changes in the matrix
  • Proliferation, catabolism, and cell death
  • Costs of arthritis
  • Motivation for tissue engineering
  • Chapter concepts
  • 3. In vitro tissue engineering of hyaline articular cartilage
  • The need for in vitro tissue engineering
  • Cell source
  • Scaffold design
  • Natural scaffolds
  • Synthetic scaffolds
  • Composite scaffolds
  • Scaffoldless
  • Bioactive molecules
  • Growth factors
  • Protein coating and peptide inclusion
  • Catabolic and other structure modifying factors
  • Mechanical stimulation
  • Chapter concepts
  • 4. Bioreactors
  • Direct compression
  • Hydrostatic pressure
  • Shear bioreactors
  • Contact shear
  • Fluid shear
  • Perfusion bioreactors
  • "Low-shear" bioreactors
  • Hybrid bioreactors
  • Chapter concepts.
  • 5. Future directions
  • Cell sources for the future
  • A need for alternative cell sources
  • Chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and other adult cell sources
  • Chondrogenic differentiation of ESC
  • Assessment and design standards for tissue engineering
  • Biomechanical techniques
  • Design standards - functional improvement versus regeneration
  • Current and emerging therapies
  • Non-surgical methods
  • Surgical methods
  • Immune response, immunogenicity, transplants
  • Cellular and humoral responses
  • Allogeneic transplants
  • Xenogeneic transplants
  • Business aspects and regulatory affairs in cartilage tissue engineering
  • Regulatory bodies
  • Device classifications and pathways to market
  • Currently available products
  • Chapter concepts
  • Bibliography.

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