Fundamentals of plastics thermoforming
The process of heating and reshaping plastics sheet and film materials has been in use since the beginning of the plastics industry. This process is known as thermoforming. Today this process is used for industrial products including signage, housings, and hot tubs. It also produces much of the pack...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Electronic |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA) :
Morgan & Claypool Publishers,
c2009.
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| Series: | Synthesis lectures on materials engineering (Online) ;
# 1. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | View fulltext via EzAccess |
Table of Contents:
- Introduction
- Introduction to thermoforming
- Common thermoformed products
- Why use thermoforming
- Advantages of thermoforming
- Limitations/disadvantages of thermoforming
- Plastic memory
- Plastics materials
- Introduction
- Molecular structure
- Morphology
- Van der Waals' forces
- Discovering Van der Waals' forces
- Most used materials
- Polystyrene (PS)
- Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA or acrylic)
- High density polyethylene (HDPE)
- Low density polyethylene (LDPE)
- Polypropylene (PP)
- Cellulosics
- Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
- Green plastics
- Important terminology
- Heat deflection temperature (HDT)
- Glass transition temperature (TG)
- Melt temperature (TM)
- Polymer set temperature
- Homopolymer
- Thermoforming window
- Thermoforming process overview
- The thermoforming process
- Sheet preparation
- Drying
- Loading
- Heating
- Forming
- Cooling
- Unloading
- Trimming
- The forming process
- Forming introduction
- Mechanical forming
- Vacuum forming
- Pressure forming
- Combination forming processes
- Drape forming
- Pneumatic preforming
- Mechanical preforming
- Twin sheet thermoforming
- Laminating thermoforming
- Part design
- Design questions
- Wall thickness variation
- Plug versus cavity
- Draw ratios
- Aerial draw ratio (ADR)
- Linear draw ratio (LDR)
- Height-to-dimension ratio
- Material selection
- Part geometry
- Corners and radii
- Draft angles
- Depth of draw
- Webbing
- Undercuts or negative draft
- Part application issues
- Useful temperature range
- Strength requirements
- Stiffness
- Quality requirements
- Cosmetics
- Optics
- Dimensional tolerances
- Mold/tool design
- Purpose of the mold or tool
- Mold materials
- Mold geometry/shrinkage
- Venting
- Temperature control
- Cavities
- Quality control issues
- Introduction
- Material source
- Regrind
- Sheet orientation
- Orientation test
- Moisture
- Cosmetics
- Process quality
- Machine set-up
- Variation
- Tool quality
- Facility quality
- Quality inspection
- Quality tools
- Lean operations
- Introduction
- Eliminating waste
- 6S
- Process flow chart
- Process mapping
- Visual controls
- Set-up reduction
- Poka yoke
- Environmental issues
- Introduction
- Source reduction
- Recycling
- Material selection
- Green plastics.