The datacenter as a computer an introduction to the design of warehouse-scale machines /
As computation continues to move into the cloud, the computing platform of interest no longer resembles a pizza box or a refrigerator, but a warehouse full of computers. These new large datacenters are quite different from traditional hosting facilities of earlier times and cannot be viewed simply a...
| Main Author: | |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Electronic |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA) :
Morgan & Claypool Publishers,
c2009.
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| Series: | Synthesis lectures on computer architecture (Online),
# 6. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Abstract with links to full text |
Table of Contents:
- Introduction
- Warehouse-scale computers
- Emphasis on cost efficiency
- Not just a collection of servers
- One datacenter vs. several datacenters
- Why WSCs might matter to you
- Architectural overview of WSCs
- Storage
- Networking fabric
- Storage hierarchy
- Quantifying latency, bandwidth, and capacity
- Power usage
- Handling failures
- Workloads and software infrastructure
- Datacenter vs. desktop
- Performance and availability toolbox
- Cluster-level infrastructure software
- Resource management
- Hardware abstraction and other basic services
- Deployment and maintenance
- Programming frameworks
- Application-level software
- Workload examples
- Online: web search
- Offline: scholar article similarity
- A monitoring infrastructure
- Service-level dashboards
- Performance debugging tools
- Platform-level monitoring
- Buy vs. build
- Further reading
- Hardware building blocks
- Cost-efficient hardware
- How about parallel application performance
- How low-end can you go
- Balanced designs
- Datacenter basics
- Datacenter tier classifications
- Datacenter power systems
- UPS systems
- Power distribution units
- Datacenter cooling systems
- CRAC units
- Free cooling
- Air flow considerations
- In-rack cooling
- Container-based datacenters
- Energy and power efficiency
- Datacenter energy efficiency
- Sources of efficiency losses in datacenters
- Improving the energy efficiency of datacenters
- Measuring the efficiency of computing
- Some useful benchmarks
- Load vs. efficiency
- Energy-proportional computing
- Dynamic power range of energy-proportional machines
- Causes of poor energy proportionality
- How to improve energy proportionality
- Relative effectiveness of low-power modes
- The role of software in energy proportionality
- Datacenter power provisioning
- Deployment and power management strategies
- Advantages of oversubscribing facility power
- Trends in server energy usage
- Conclusions
- Further reading
- Modeling costs
- Capital costs
- Operational costs
- Case studies
- Real-world datacenter costs
- Modeling a partially filled datacenter
- Dealing with failures and repairs
- Implications of software-based fault tolerance
- Categorizing faults
- Fault severity
- Causes of service-level faults
- Machine-level failures
- What causes machine crashes
- Predicting faults
- Repairs
- Tolerating faults, not hiding them
- Closing remarks
- Hardware
- Software
- Economics
- Key challenges
- Rapidly changing workloads
- Building balanced systems from imbalanced components
- Curbing energy usage
- Amdahl's cruel law
- Conclusions
- References.