Lazare and Sadi Carnot A Scientific and Filial Relationship /

• Main Authors: Gillispie, Charles C. (Author), Pisano, Raffaele. (Author)
• Corporate Author: SpringerLink (Online service)
• Format: Electronic
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer, 2013.
• Series: History of Mechanism and Machine Science, 13
• Subjects: Engineering.; Science > History.; Genetic epistemology.; Engineering, general.; History of Science.; History of Mathematical Sciences.; Epistemology.
• Online Access: https://ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4144-7

Lazare Carnot was the unique example in the history of science of someone who inadvertently owed the scientific recognition he eventually achieved to earlier political prominence. He and his son Sadi produced work that derived from their training as engineering and went largely unnoticed by physicis...

Table of Contents:

• PREFACE, by Eberhard Knobloch
• FOREWORD
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• CHAPTER I Biographical Sketch of Lazare Carnot
• CHAPTER II The Science Of Machines: 2.1 Summary of Essai sur les machines en gňřal
• 2.2 Geometric motions
• 2.3 Moment<U+0013>of <U+0013>Momentum
• 2.4 Moment<U+0013>of<U+0013>Activity<U+0013>The concept of work
• 2.5 Practical conclusions
• CHAPTER III The Development Of Carnot's Mechanics: 3.1 Argument of the 1778 Memoir on theory of machines
• 3.2 Argument of the 1780 Memoir
• 3.3 Argument of the Principes fondamentaux de l'q̌uilibre et du mouvement (1803)
• 3.4 Comparing the work of Sadi Carnot
• CHAPTER IV The Carnot Approach And The Mechanics Of Work And Power, 1803-1829: 4.1 Early engineering mechanics
• 4.2 Applied mechanics
• 4.3 The concept of work
• CHAPTER V An Engineering Justification Of Algebra And The Calculus
• 5.1 Geometric analysis and the problem of negative quantity Quantity
• 5.2 The compensation of error in infinitesimal analysis
• 5.3 Analysis and synthesis
• CHAPTER VI History And Historiography Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s Thermodynamics: 6.1 A historical excursus
• 6.1.1 On the science of Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s time: the mechanics
• 6.1.2 On the science of Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s time: the theory of heat
• 6.1.3 Toward physical mathematical theories
• 6.2 A Historiographycal excursus
• 6.2.1 On Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s historiography
• 6.3 On the methodology used to investigate Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s science
• 6.3.1 On specificity and scientificity in historical discourse
• 6.3.2 On interpretation in historical discourse
• 6.3.3 On categories in history of science
• 6.4 Biographical sketch of Sadi Carnot
• 6.4.1 Notes on the philological aspects of Rf̌lexions sur la puissance motrice du feu
• 6.4.2 On Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s studies at <U+00c9>cole Polytechnique
• 6.5 An index ad hoc of Rf̌lexions sur la puissance motrice du feu
• CHAPTER VII On Principles In Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s Thermodynamics: 7.1 An outline of the problem of history and logics
• 7.1.1 On the mathematics
• 7.1.2 On the physics
• 7.1.3 On the physics mathematics
• 7.1.4 On logics and structure
• 7.2 Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s theory and its logical organization
• 7.2.1 On DNSs and logical investigation
• 7.2.2 The distribution of DNSs in Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s book
• 7.2.3 The possible theoretical roles played by a DNS
• 7.2.4 Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s arguments through his DNSs
• 7.3 Reconstruction of arguments and some cycles of reasoning expressed by DNSs
• 7.4 Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s thermodynamics as PO theory. Its non<U+0013>classical logic and its central problem
• 7.5 On Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s theory: a case<U+0013>study
• 7.6 Which and how many principles did Sadi Carnot express in his Rf̌lexions sur la Puissance Motrice du Feu?
• 7.7 DNSs and mathematics in Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s theory
• 7.8 Final remarks
• CHAPTER VIII What Are The Scientific Roots Of Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s Cycle?: 8.1 An outline of the problem
• 8.2 A comparative analysis: Volta<U+0019>s battery and Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s heat machine
• 8.2.1 An analogy between heat fluid and electric fluid
• 8.2.2 An analogy between the cycle of electric fluid and the cycle on heat states
• 8.2.3 An analogy between heat work and electrical work
• 8.3 On the analogy between thermodynamics and electrostatics according to Mach<U+0019>s investigations
• 8.4 Other kind of analogies
• 8.4.1 On the birth of electricity and thermodynamic theories
• 8.4.2 On the caloric and entropy
• 8.5 Final remarks
• CHAPTER IX Historical Epistemology Of Thermodynamics. The Mathematics In Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s Theory: 9.1 An outline of the problem
• 9.2 A book of physics without mathematics?
• 9.3 The calculations and historical interpretation of the mathematical footnote
• 9.4 The ±suppression<U+00bb> of adiabatic curves in Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s cycle
• 9.4.1 Why Sadi Carnot ±supprime<U+00bb> the adiabatic curves?
• 9.4.2 A possible solution. Lazare<U+0019>s synthetic method
• 9.4.3 The synthetic method in Rf̌lexions sur la puissance motrice du feu
• 9.5 The mathematical character of the footnote
• 9.6 How did Sadi Carnot use his adiabatic equation? A possible calculation
• 9.7 A reflection on modern calculation of efficiency
• 9.8 Final Remarks
• CHAPTER X Studies And Heritage of Rf̌lexions sur la Puissance Motrice du Feu: 10.1 An outline of the problem
• 10.2 La thǒrie analytique de la chaleur. Reflections on Fourier and Lam ̌
• 10.2.1 On Fuorier<U+0019>s Thǒrie analytique de la chaleur (1822)
• 10.2.2 On Lam̌s Leȯns sur la thǒrie analytique de la chaleur (1861)
• 10.2.3 Final remarks on Fourier and Lam̌s theories
• 10.3 Theoretical advancements on caloric theory in Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s work
• 10.3.1 On dynamical effects of heat by Ferdnand Reech (1853)
• 10.3.2 On cycles and equivalent mechanic of heat
• 10.4 On a comparative analyses between Paul de Saint<U+0013>Robert<U+0019>s Principes de Thermodynamique (1865) and Sadi Carnot<U+0019>s Rf̌lexions sur la puissance motrice du feu (1824)
• 10.4.1 Notes on Paul de Saint<U+0013>Robert
• 10.4.2 Historical analysis of Principes de Thermodynamique (1865)
• CHAPTER XI Final Remarks On The Scientific Relationship between Pr̈e et Fils: 11.1 An outline of the problem
• 11.2 A hypothesis on structure of scientific parentage
• 11.3 On the lost Newtonian paradigm
• 11.4 On the constraints and production of work
• 11.5 On the machines en gňřal and its working substance of machines
• 11.6 On the analogy between hydraulic and heat machines
• 11.7 On the efficiency of a machine
• 11.8 On the impossibility of perpetual motion
• 11.9 On the synthetic method
• 11.10 On the principle of virtual work
• 11.11 On the principle of virtual work and the interactions
• 11.12 On the principle of virtual work and the state equations
• 11.13 Scholars, formulas, experiments and sources cited by Sadi Carnot in his Works
• 11.14 On the equivalence of work<U+0013>heat
• 11.15 On the cycle and reversibility of a machine
• 11.16 Final remarks a m ̣of conclusions
• Appendix to Chapter VII
• References
• Index.